国外议员职务权利保障制度的考察与借鉴

The Investigation of the Foreign Councilman's Job Right Guarantee System

议员是现代社会代议民主政体的基础,各国宪法对议员职务权利都予以了充分保障,具体体现在言行免责制度、人身特别保护制度、组织保障制度、生活保障制度、工作条件保障制度以及其他保障制度。这些制度展示了各国宪法理念的共性与差别,而各项制度中的精华,作为全人类的智慧成果必将推进中国人大代表职务权利保障制度的完善,即立法保障人大代表独立言行的权利,扩大言行免责的范围,明确言行免责的例外;细化人身特别保护制度的排除情形及其程序规则;确定专职代表的比例;提高代表的生活保障水平,另设特别补贴制度;优化代表的工作条件;突出强调代表的信息保障。

The councilman is the foundation of the modern social representative democratic form of government, all countries Constitutions gives a full guarantee to couneilman＇s job right, reflecting the irresponsibility system of the words and actions, the special system to protect human body, the organization guarantee system specially, the life guarantee system, the work condition guarantee system and the other guarantee systems. These systems demonstrates the total and difference of Constitutions principles in all countries, but the various essences in the systems, being the whole mankind＇s intelligence, improves necessarily the job right guarantee system of deputy to the NPC greatly. Namely, lawmaking guarantees the right of the reprehensive independent words and actions gIeatly, confirms the exclusion situation and its procedure nile that the Human body protects system specially, establishes the ratio of the full- time representative, raises the representative＇s life guarantee level and another special subsidy system, perfects the representative＇s work condition and emphasizes the representative＇s information guarantee.