论《伤寒论》保胃气学术思想及其在消渴病中的应用

Academic thought of protecting stomach-qi in Shang Han Lun and its application in treatment of emaciation-thirst disease

从中医四诊、治则治法、用药调护等方面对《伤寒论》保胃气学术思想进行了系统的整理,认为《伤寒论》保胃气的学术思想体现在:①运用四诊察胃气,通过问饮食、切脉搏、按腹部、审二便、察症状综合判断胃气的盛衰;②治法用药保胃气,体现在健脾养胃法、顾护脾胃法、温胃散寒法、温降痰饮法、和胃祛邪法、通胃法、清胃法、滋阴养胃法、饮食护胃法、用药护胃法;③药物煎服法保胃气;④观胃气有无,预测疾病转归预后。将保胃气学术思想应用于消渴病治疗,提出脾虚是消渴病的重要病机,补脾是消渴病的重要治则。

Academic thought of protecting stomach-qi in Shang Han Lun was studied systemically from the aspects of TCM four diagnostic methods, therapeutic principle, therapies, remedy administration and nursing. The academic thought of protecting stomach-qi in Shang Han Lun was reflected as follows： （1） TCM four diagnostic methods were used to observe the excess or deficiency of stomach-qi through the examination of diet, pulse, abdomen, urine, stool, and symptoms. （2） Therapeutic methods and Chinese herbal remedies （CHR） for protecting stomach-qi included therapies of invigorating spleen and nourishing stomach, protecting spleen and stomach, warming stomach and eliminating cold, reducing warmingly phlegm and morbid fluid, regulating stomach and removing evil, promoting stomach, clearing stomach, replenishing yin and nourishing stomach, protecting stomach with diet, and protecting stomach with CHR. （3） Different decocting and taking methods of CHR were used to protect stomach-qi. （4） The outcome and prognosis of a disease were predicted through observing the state of stomach-qi. The academic thought of protecting stomach-qi was applied in the treatment of emaciation-thirst disease by the author, who proposed spleen-deficiency was the crucial pathogenesis of emaciation-thirst disease, so the therapeutic principle of reinforcing spleen was important in the treatment of emaciation-thirst disease.