不同蛋白质饲料对瘤胃微生物体外发酵和群体结构的影响

Effects of Different Protein Feeds on Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community in vitro

本文主要研究不同的蛋白质饲料对瘤胃微生物体外发酵及其群体结构的影响。试验以3只瘘管山羊提供瘤胃液,分为羽毛粉组(A组)、玉米蛋白粉组(B组)、豆粕组(C组)和鱼粉组(D组)4组进行体外培养,采用PCRSSCP技术分析微生物群体的多样性。结果表明:pH在5.80～6.80间变化,均值以C组最低(6.19),A组最高(6.61);氨氮浓度变动范围为36.8～120.1mg/mL,均值以A组最低(54.9 mg/L),C组最高(99.5mg/L);微生物蛋白量各组间差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),以D组最高(0.651 3 mg/mL),A组最低(0.528 9 mg/mL),C组细菌蛋白量(0 330 9 mg/mL)在4组中最高。原虫蛋白量/细菌蛋白量在组间也差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),以A组最高(107.00%),C组最低(84.30%)。另外,遗传指纹图谱分析表明原虫和细菌区系内类群结构在各组间明显不同。总之,本研究中不同的蛋白质饲料对体外培养瘤胃微生物发酵和其群体结构有不同影响,以鱼粉对微生物生长的促进效应最好。

The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of different protein feed on rumen fermentation and microbial community in vitro using 3 goats fitted with cannula. The four groups were plume meal group （group A）, corn gluten meal group （group B）, soybean meal group （group C） and fish meal group （group D）, respectively. The PCR-SSCP technique was introduced to determine the microbial diversity. The results showed that the pH ranged from 5.80 to 6.80, and the lowest mean value was found in group C （6.19）, while the highest occurred in group A （6.61）. NH3-N concentration ranged from 36. 8 to 120.1 mg/L, with group A recording the lowest average NH3-N concentration （54.9 mg/L）, while group C （99.5 mg/L） writing the highest value. Microbial protein yields varied with groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and the lowest record was observed in group A （0. 528 9 mg/mL）, while the highest was found in group D （0. 651 3 mg/mL）. Group C showed the highest bacteria yield （0. 330 9 mg/mL）. Additionally, protein feed significantly affected the protozoa protein content/bacteria protein content （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） and the lowest value was in group C （84.30%） and the highest value was in group A （107.00%）. Further genetic fingerprint revealed that bacterial and protozoal profiles were subjected to substrates. In conclusion, protein stuff brought out the changes in ruminal microbial fermentation and flora, and fish meal had a better promoting effect on microbe growth. [Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2009,21（5） ：673-679 ]