优秀赛艇运动员身体成分变化特点分析

An Analysis of the Characteristics of the Elite Rowers' Body Composition Variation

以优秀男女公开级赛艇运动员为研究对象,研究在相同训练目的、相似的训练计划指导下的全年训练周期中男女公开级赛艇运动员身体成分(体重、瘦体重、体脂、体脂百分比)的系统变化。研究结果发现:男子公开级运动员体重无显著性变化;瘦体重从冬训起逐渐升高到冬训结束时最高,与冬训初期有显著性差异,随后缓慢下降仍高于冬训中;体脂随着冬训开始逐渐下降,到冬训结束时皮脂最低,与冬训开始时有显著性差异,随后皮脂升高,夏训后开始下降;体脂百分比呈现出与体脂相似的变化。女子公开级运动员在整个训练周期体重从冬训开始就呈现出下降的趋势,夏训结束时体重减少,与冬训初相比有显著性变化;瘦体重从冬训开始就呈现逐渐下降的趋势,到夏训两次测试都显著低于冬训初;体脂冬训中期有升高的趋势,到夏训开始时最高,与冬训初有显著性差异;体脂百分比呈现出与体脂相似的变化。结果提示:男女公开级赛艇运动员整个训练周期身体成分变化特点不一;冬训和夏训身体成分变化可能对全年训练效果的达到起到一定影响;建议加强身体成分监控提高训练效果,避免训练走弯路。

The variation of the body composition of the elite women and men rowers in open category,who are coached with the same training objects under similar training plan,are investigated in a year＇s training cycle,including body weight, fat-free body weight,body fat and body fat percentage.The results show that：No significant changes occurs in the men open category rowers＇ body weight;fat-free body weight rises at the beginning of winter training and peaks at the end of the winter training,differing significantly from the beginning and decreasing gradually but still higher than in winter training; Meanwhile me body fat decreases from the beginning of winter training and reach the bottom at the end of winter training, differing significantly from the beginning and then rising until the decrease in summer training;the variation of body fat percentage is similar.While decrease of body weight of women rowers of open category occurs in the beginning of the winter training of a year cycle,and differs significantly from the beginning of winter training;their decrease of fat-free body weight occurs in the beginning of the winter training,and differs significantly from the beginning of winter training;the body fat rises from the middle of winter training and peaks at the beginning of summer training,differing significantly from the beginning of winter training;the variation of body fat percentage is similar.Men and women rowers have different characteristics in the variations of body composition in the year cycle.The variations of the body composition in winter training and summer training may have an influence on the goal of the whole year.It is strongly recommended that systemic monitoring of body composition be strengthened to elevate the training efficiency and avoid unnecessary deviation of training.