从“百花齐放”到“含苞待放”——建国后毛泽东文艺思想研究

From "A Hundred Flowers Blooming" to "A Hundred Flowers in Bud":——On Literary Ideas of Mao Zedong since the Founding of the People's Republic of China

如果说1942年《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的发表,标志着毛泽东文艺思想形成了完整的理论体系,那么,到1956年"双百"方针的提出,则标志着毛泽东文艺思想进入了新的发展阶段。在"双百"方针提出后的一段时间里(自1956年下半年到1957年上半年),文学创作确实在"双百"方针的指引与鼓励下,出现了一个短暂的辉煌时期,造就了中国当代文学史上第一个创作高峰。但在此后的20年间中国的文艺界和学术界并没有出现毛泽东所预想的"百花齐放,百家争鸣"的自由民主的大好局面。此中原因纷繁复杂。本文试图对此加以探讨,并重点论述专治政治及领袖的个人意志与爱好对1949年至1979年这三十年间给文艺界造成的重大影响及酿成的悲剧。作为"毛泽东文艺思想研究"的系列论文之一,本文试图对"双百"方针内涵尤其是其提出的原因加以详细阐释与分析,并由此探讨文艺与政治的关系。

If the publish of Mao＇s Speech at Yan＇ an Symposium on Literature and Art is a mark that the Literary Ideas of Mao Zedong has come into being a complete theory system, then the he principle of＂let a hundred flowers bloom; let a hundred schools of thoughts contend＂ marked the beginning of a new phase. During the period of early 1956 and early 1957, there came a short time of splendid achievement and the first height of writing in the history of contemporary literature. However henceforth there was not the great writing time that Mao had expected before. And I want to discuss the complex reasons and emphasis on the influence and tragedy in the thirty years made by politics and the idea and taste of the leader. As one of the first part of the papers Literary Ideas of Mao Zedong since the Founding of the People＇ s Republic of China, in this paper I will analysis the connotation of the principle of＂Two hundred＂ and the reason for its posing, and then discuss the relations between literature and politics.