浙江省舟山市夏冬季公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Sanitary survey in summer and winter for central air conditionning systems in public places of Zhoushan

目的了解浙江省舟山市公共场所集中式空调通风系统在夏冬季污染情况。方法选取舟山市22家有集中空调通风系统的单位,分夏冬两季进行32次样品采集,对集中空调通风系统所服务的公共场所中的CO、CO2、PM10、新风量、细菌总数,通风管道的积尘量、真菌总数、细菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌、军团菌以及送风口细菌和真菌总数进行检测和评价,评价集中空调通风系统的清洗效果。结果室内空气质量中,送风口细菌和真菌总数合格率分别为37.50%(12/32)、46.88%(15/32),通风管道真菌和细菌总数合格率为65.63%(21/32)、81.25%(26/32),管道积尘合格率为81.25%(26/32),新风量合格率为62.5%(20/32),CO2合格率为81.25%(26/32),CO、PM10、空气中细菌合格率均为100%(32/32),军团菌总的检出率为35.71%(20/56),夏冬季节温度(χ2=4.57)、CO2(χ2=5.74)、新风量(χ2=4.10)差异有统计学意义,集中空调的是否清洗与管道积尘量差异有统计学意义(t=2.25)。结论舟山市集中空调通风系统已对室内空气造成了一定的污染,对人群健康产生了危险。要提高室内空气质量,必须加强空调通风系统的管理,对空调通风系统要定期清洗和消毒,从而阻断呼吸道疾病的传播途径,切实保护公共场所中人群的健康。

Objective To survey the indoor air pollution by central air conditioning system in summer and winter in the public places in Zhoushan.Methods Twenty two institutions with central air conditioning system were selected.Thirty-two samplings were taken in summer and winter to detect the contents of CO,CO2,PM10,volume of fresh air,total bacterial count in the areas benefiting from the systems,the volume of dust,total fungus count,total bacterial count,β-hemolytic streptococcus,Legionella in the ventilation pipes and the total counts of bacteria and fungus in the outlets of ventilation pipe.The effect of cleaning of central air conditioning systems was also evaluated.Results The acceptance rate of total bacterial count and total fungus count for the outlet were 37.50%（12/32）,46.88%（15/32）respectively.The acceptance rate of total fungus count and total bacterial count for ventilation pipes were 65.63%（21/32）,81.25%（26/32）respectively.The acceptance rate for pipe dust detection was 81.25%（26/32）.The acceptance rate for fresh air volume detection was 62.5%（20/32）.The acceptance rate for CO2 content was 81.25 %（26/32）,and the rates for CO,PM10 contents and bacterial count in air were 100%（32/32）.The acceptance rate of Legionella detection was 35.71%（20/56）.There were significant differences on temperature（χ^2 = 4.57）,CO2 content（χ^2 = 5.74）,fresh air volume（χ^2 = 4.10） in summer and in winter,and there was significant difference（t=2.25） on the pipe dust volume for the pipes which hand been cleaned or not.Conclusion The central air conditioning systems have made indoor air pollution at certain degree in Zhoushan,which was a threat to people＇s health.To improve indoor air quality,it is necessary to strengthen the management of the air conditioning systems,and conduct cleaning and disinfection of ventilation pipes regularly,thus the transmission route of respiratory disease could be interrupted and the people in the public places could be protected.