我国海洋技术现状与发展

Status and Development of Ocean Technology in China

由于科学技术的进步和地球陆地资源的日渐短缺,21世纪人类将步入全面开发利用海洋的新时代。本文简要概述了改革开放以来,我国坚持走自主创新、科技联合攻关和引进、消化、吸收并举的道路发展海洋技术并取得明显进步的情况。当前,中国的海洋技术在某些方面已跻身于世界先进行列,如深潜技术、海洋油气勘探开发技术、大洋多金属结核勘探技术、海水淡化技术、海水养殖技术以及海洋药物资源开发技术等。但以总体技术能力和水平来衡量,我国的海洋技术与发达的海洋国家相比较,大约还落后 10～15年。文章最后对中国海洋技术的发展提出了建议。

As a result of the progress in science and technology and the gradual depletion of terrestrial resources , the 21st century will be a new epoch when mankind will begin large-scale exploitation and utilization of the oceans. This paper presents a brief description of the progresses that China has made, since it implemented the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, in promoting the development of ocean technology by insisting on self-reliance, creative innovation, tackling key scientific and technological problems through joint research and introducing, digesting and absorbing new technologies from foreign countries. China has now become one of the leading nations in some scientific and technological fields, such as those related to deep diving submersible, offshore oil and gas exploration and exploitation, oceanic poly-metallic nodule exploration, sea-water desalination , mari-culture and marine pharmaceutical resource exploitation . Nevertheless, China is still 10 to 15 years behind the advanced coastal s-tates in terms of overall technological capability and sophistication . The author also makes some suggestions on the future development of ocean technology in China .