自首制度中“如实供述”的理解与认定

On Faithful Confession in Surrender Oneself to Justice

"如实供述自己的罪行"的判断,应当结合影响行为人供述的认识过程、记忆过程和表达过程进行。行为人以其表达能力将其对犯罪事实的记忆保存及时向办案机关进行足够叙述,就应当认定为"如实供述"。自首制度中,应当建立"如实供述"有利司法机关查处犯罪的程度与自首从宽处罚幅度的对应关系。余罪自首中,行为人主动交代的犯罪事实与司法机关掌握的罪行属于同一选择性罪名的,只要前后行为对应的具体构成要件存在差异就应当认定为"不同种罪行";行为人主动交代的行为是否属于"不同种罪行",应以生效裁判对行为人主动交代行为的定性为依据来认定。

As one of the elements of surrender oneself to justice in penal code of PRC, faithful confession means that the suspected tells enough details of his offence according to his memory about the crime he committed. So, the degree of the mitigation of his punishmerit should be proportionate to the assistance to the judicial authority with his confession. Different offence in confession of offence undiscovered by judicial authority means that some or one of the concrete dements of the offence undiscovered by judicial authority are/is different from those of the offence being investigated.