中国独活属果实的解剖学研究及对独活属的修订

Anatomical Studies on Fruit of the Genus Heracleumfrom China and Its Revision of Systematics

首次报道了我国独活属（Ｈｅｒａｃｌｅｕｍ）１７种植物的果实解剖（横切）结构的基本特征和变异幅度。根据果实的油管数目、形态、分布以及表皮毛的有无，侧翅发达程度，果实分果爿及胚乳（横切面观）形态等，结合该属植物的外部形态、细胞学、花粉形态和叶柄解剖等特征；将独活属分为５组。并提出我国西南的横断山区不仅是该属的分布中心和多样性中心，而且也是其变异中心；文中讨论了独活属植物果实的进化趋势和属下分类处理。在综合各分支学科依据的基础上作者对独活属的分类进行了修订，提出了属下分类系统，建立一个新组———多管组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｐｌｕｒｉｖｉｔａｔａ，并列出了分组检索表。

In this present paper, it was dissected and observed that the fruits of 17 species from Chinese Heracleum. According to those items that the fruit morphology, the epidermal hair, the situation of the developed extent of lateral wing on mericarp and the transverse section pattern of endosperm; and distribution pattern of vittae, combined with characters of external shape, pollen morphology, cytology and anatomical characters on petiole, it was divided into 5 sections from the genus Heracleum in this thesis,it was discussed that the probable evolution relationships of the 4 forms of fruit anatomy and the classification system of this genus. It was suggested that Hongduan mountains of Southwestern in China are not only the center of distribution and biodiversity but also the center of variability of this genus. In the end, based on synthesizing the evidence of each branch science, it was revised that the system of Heracleum. As a result, a new section (Sect. Plurivittata) was established, and it was listed that the key to separate the section and revision system of this genus.