基于全局主成分分析的我国省级行政区城市化水平综合评价

COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF URBANIZATION LEVEL ON THE PROVINCE-LEVEL REGIONS IN CHINA BASED ON GENERALIZED PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS

根据城市化的内涵,选取13个指标,以1995年、2000年和2005年3个年份全国31个省级行政区为评价对象,构成城市化综合评价立体时序数据表;采用全局主成分分析方法,对其城市化发展水平进行综合定量评价。共提取三个主成分,分别反映人口结构及城市景观变化、城镇居民收入及消费水平、城市基础设施建设方面的信息。分析结果表明,我国城市化发展质量和速度的区域差异明显;在分析期内,城市化发展的总体质量有所提高;城市内部主要指标之间的协调性较好。

In this paper, according to the meaning of urbanization, 13 indexes in 1995, 2000 and 2005 which have close relationship with urbanization for 31 province-level regions（Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao are not included） were chosen to compose the data sheet. Then the generalized component analysis was used to evaluate the comprehensive urbanization level in different regions. According to the analysis in factor process in SPSS software, three principal components can be extracted which reflect three main aspects of the urbanization： （1） Population structure and urban landscape; （2） Income and consumption level of urban residents; （3） Urban infrastructure construction. Then the three principle components were combined into one comprehensive index to reflect the whole urbanization level. The result shows： （1） Both the urbanization level in 3 years and its increase in eastern region are much higher than that in central and western regions. The gap of development quality and speed among regions are outstanding; （2） The overall quality of urbanization has a big improvement during the analyzing period. To some provinces, especially those in eastern regions, the improvement of living conditions and income has become the main aspects of urbanization. But in central and western regions, migration from rural area to urban places is still the main form of urbanization; （3） The harmony between different indexes is good. The main social and economic index is consistent with the urbanization level. In conclusion, the future policy should focus on the balanced development among different regions. To the central and western regions, it is necessary to improve the quality of urbanization. To the eastem region, industrial updating, efficient resources utilization and improvement of environment quality should be paid more attention to.