明清时期的桥渡田地

The Ferry Field of Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清时期为保障某些桥梁、渡口的正常运作而设立的桥渡田地,其来源有两种,即官府设置与民间捐置。前者主要是从官府掌握的田地中划拨,或由官员措资购置;后者主要是桥渡所在地居民的自发行为,其群体包括富户、一般平民及宗教信徒。二者相比较,民间的捐置行为更为普遍一些。桥渡田地的经营与管理没有相对完善的制度,一般是将田地出佃或交与应役渡夫耕种,地方里甲首脑与宗教信徒也常常承担管理责任。

In the Ming and Qing dynasty the ferry field was established to ensure that some bridges and ferry places could work normally. It has two kinds of sources, that is, the government assignment and folk donation. The former was mainly bought from the field in charge of the government; the later was mainly from the civilian donation of the residents around the ferry place, including the rich man, the populace and religious followers. Comparatively, the behavior of folk donation was more popular. To manage ferry places, a relatively perfect system was set up. Generally the farmland was tenanted or was tilled by ferryman on duty and regional governors and religious followers often bear managing liability.