西伯利亚大铁路修建及其对俄国东部地区农业发展的影响

Construction of Siberian Trans-railway and Its Influence upon Agricultural Development of Russian East Area

西伯利亚大铁路的修建使俄国东部地区农业迅速发展。随着铁路的修建,越来越多的移民来到西伯利亚与远东地区,农业人口显著增加。他们开垦出大片荒地,耕地面积和粮食产量大幅增加,粮食商品率大大提高,新式农机具得到推广使用。西伯利亚大铁路对西伯利亚农业发展产生了深刻的影响:一方面它使西伯利亚追赶上全俄资本主义步伐,为资本主义发展开辟了新的市场;另一方面它又进一步加深了作为原料供应地的西伯利亚对欧俄的依赖。

The construction of Siberian Trans-railway lead a fast development of agriculture in the east area of Russia. With the construction of the railway, more and more immigrants came to Siberia and the Far East and agricultural population increased remarkably. They opened up a vast wasteland; cultivated area and grain yield increased by a big margin, commodity grain rate increased greatly and a new-type farm machinery and tools were applied and disseminated. Siberian Trans-railway had a far-reaching influence upon the agricultural development of Siberia： on one hand, it made Siberia catch the capitalist pace of Russia as a whole and opened up a new market for capitalist development; on the other hand, it lead Siberia as a raw material supply base to further relying on the European part of Russia.