DNA疫苗佐剂的研究进展

Advances in the research of adjuvants for plasmid DNA vaccines

DNA疫苗是一种很有希望的免疫方法，经多途径接种质粒DNA能引起有效的免疫应答，重复给予不会产生抗载体免疫。然而，质粒DNA疫苗在小型实验动物中诱导的免疫应答远强于在人类和其他非人灵长类动物中。已设计多种佐剂通过直接刺激免疫系统或增强DNA表达来提高疫苗的免疫原性，这些佐剂包括免疫协同刺激分子、细胞因子、补体分子、脂质体、核酸、聚合物、纳米粒和微粒类佐剂。此文对DNA疫苗佐剂的研究进展作一综述。

Plasmid DNA vaccine is a promising modality for immunization. Immunization with plasmid DNA by various routes can trigger effective immune responses. The immunogens can be administered repeatedly without inducing anti-vector immunity. However, the immune responses induced by plasmid DNA vaccines are much stronger in small laboratory animal models than in non-human primates and humans. A number of adjuvants, including immune co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines, complement molecules, liposomes, nucleic acids, polymers, micro- and nano-particles, have been designed to improve the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines by directly stimulating the immune system or by enhancing plasmid DNA expression. This review introduces the progress in development of these adjuvants for plasmid DNA vaccines.