血吸虫病流行地区农村改厕卫生效益分析

Effectiveness of sanitary toilet construction in rural areas with schistosomiasis epidemic

目的评估血吸虫病区的改厕工作卫生效益。方法在目前仍然存在血吸虫病流行的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南、四川等7个省,每省随机抽取2个血吸虫病流行县,每县分别选取3个村,其中2个村为完成改厕村,1个村为非改厕村;每村随机抽取30户农户,进行现场调查和厕所粪便样品检测。结果改厕地区人群血吸虫感染率比非改厕地区人群低47.32%;改厕地区人群肠道传染病发病率比非改厕地区人群低42.31%;使用卫生厕所人群血吸虫病患病率比使用非卫生厕所人数低63.5%。结论在中国血吸虫病流行的农村地区,通过卫生厕所的推广与建设,可降低居民血吸虫感染率和肠道传染病发病率。

Objective To communicate the experiences of schistosomiasis control, and assess the effectiveness of rebuilding toilet program in schistosomiasis regions. Methods Seven provinces with current schistosomiasis epidemic including Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Jiangsu province were the settings for the study. Two counties in each province and 3 villages in each county were randomly sampled. Among 3 villages selected,two had sanitary toilets, and the other did not. Twenty households were randomly sampled from each village for field study. Results The schistosomiasis infectious rate and diarrhea incidence rate in the areas with the construction of sanitary toilets was 47.32% and 42. 31% lower than that of the contrast areas. In the areas with construction of sanitary toilets, the schistosomiasis prevalence among the population using sanitary toilets was 63.5% lower than that of without sanitary toilet use. Conclusion Construction and popularization of sanitary toilet in the rural areas with schistosomiasis epidemic is proved to be an effective measure for schistosomiasis incidence and diarrhea incidence control and achieves significant health effectiveness.