新中国三大农业政策与农村社会经济结构变迁

Three Major Agricultural Policies of New China and the Rural Socio-economic Structure Changes

新中国成立后,中国共产党为把中国从一个贫穷落后的农业大国建设成强大的工业化国家,对传统农业进行了大刀阔斧的改革。先后出台了土地改革、农业合作化和家庭联产承包责任制三项重大农业政策。土地改革彻底清扫了封建制度的障碍,为新中国大规模工业化建设做好了准备工作。农业合作化的结果是建立国家和集体土地所有制,这次转变为中国初步建立起自己的工业体系作出重大贡献。而家庭联产承包责任制的实施,由于保留了土地公有的内涵,同时实行市场经济体制,既稳定了农村社会、防止两极分化,又实现了对传统农村经济的突破,使得中国农业经济结构实现了前所未有的转变。

After New China was founded, the Communist Party of China, in order to construct China from a poor and backward agricultural country into a powerful industrialized country, carried out resolute reforms in the traditional agriculture. Three major agricultural policies concerning the land reform, agricultural cooperatives and household contract responsibility system were successively formulated. Through sweeping barriers from the feudal system thoroughly, the land reform completed the preparatory work for the new Chinese large-scale industrialization construction. Agricultural cooperatives resulted in the establishment of national and collective land ownership, which made great contribution for China＇s setting up its own industrial system initially. The implementation of the household contract responsibility system, due to its retaining public ownership of land and at the same time introducing the market economy system, could produce a stable rural society while preventing polarization and achieving a breakthrough in the traditional rural economy, which brought about unprecedented changes in China＇s agricultural economic structure.