不同来源壳聚糖的基本特性及红外光谱研究

Comparative Studies on the Properties and Infrared Spectra of Chitosans from Different Sources

用同一方法在相同条件下，分别以螯虾壳、河虾壳、对虾壳、海蟹壳和蚕蛹制备了壳聚糖，并对其多项特性进行了比较研究。壳聚糖的收率分别为螯虾１３．６％、海蟹１２．３％、对虾１０．５％、河虾８．７０％、蚕蛹１．８％；灰份含量接近（０．２５～０．４５％）；脱乙酰度相近（７６～８０％）；壳聚糖的粘均分子量分别为：螯虾１２．８×１０６、河虾１．１５×１０６、海蟹１．０６×１０６、对虾０．９６×１０６、蚕蛹０．９１×１０６。五种壳聚糖的红外光谱基本相似，只存在个别峰值、峰位的差异，表明五种壳聚糖的基本结构相同，但其空间构象和结晶度等方面存在差异。

Five different chitosans were obtained from crayfish shell, shrimp shell, crab shell, prown shell and silkworm pupa under the same condition, and their yields were 13.6%, 8.7%, 12.3%, 10.5% and 1.8% respectively. Their properties were investigated. The results revealed that there were little difference in ash content(0.25～0.45%) and the degree of deacetylation(76～80%), while there was considerable difference in molecular weight. The molecular weights of chitosans from crayfish shell, shrimp shell, crab shell, prown shell and silkworm pupa, which were determined by viscosimetric method, were 1.28×10 6, 1.15×10 6, 1.06×10 6, 0.96×10 6 and 0.91×10 6 respectively. The five different chitosans were analyzed by infrared spectrometry and found a little difference in their spectra. It is suggested that their basic structures be similar, yet there were a slight differences in conformation and crystallinity.