制备中国人物静态面部表情图片及信度效度的初探

The making of Chinese static facial expression photos and its reliability and validity

目的初步制备开心、生气、吃惊、害怕、伤心、讨厌和中性7种中国人物静态面部表情图片库以提供情绪研究的取材,探讨采集真实人物面部表情的方法。方法选取学龄前期、学龄期、小学、中学、成年早期、成人中期和成人晚期5～80岁五官端正的健康中国人。告知受试者各种面部表情内在情绪涵义、等级强度及面部表情特征,继而以谈话法结合个体背景和经历诱发面部表情,所有面部表情均在统一拍摄条件下由同一人采用数码相机拍摄。初步制备7种基本面部表情图片,经研究小组成员初步筛选出的图片进行统一处理,制作成10cm×15cm不同面部表情图片;进而以健康大学生对面部表情图片进行第2次筛选,对筛选后识别一致率较高的面部表情图片进行重测信度评价,同时以日本女性面部表情图片为参照评价效度。结果第1次筛选出80张面部表情图片,59名大学生第2次筛选出21张面部表情图片(每种面部表情各3张)。28名大学生进行重测信度、表情强度和效度测试。21张面部表情图片的重测信度较日本女性面部表情图片略好,除生气2张、害怕3张、伤心1张及讨厌3张图片重测信度低于70%外,其余表情重测信度均较高,负性表情(生气、害怕、伤心和讨厌)图片的效度较低,开心、中性和吃惊表情图片的效度较高。结论中国人物静态面部表情是具有代表性和信度较高的表情图片,可作为情绪研究的材料。面部表情的表达及内在情绪的判断受异族效应和文化差异的影响。

Objective To develop Chinese static happy, angry, surprised, fearful, sad, disgusted and neutral facial expression photo gallery for future emotion research and to find out a better method for good facial expression picture acquisition. Methods People were grouped by pre-school age, school age （ primary school age, middle school age and academic school age）, young people, adult and aged people between 5-year and 80-year-old as the actors showing different facial expressions. Before taking photos, they knew the purpose and agreed to sign the consent. Firstly, all people were standarded to be trained to know the meaning of seven facial emotions, the grades and facial characteristics of seven facial emotions. The facial expression photos were recorded by the same examiner in the same lab. All photos were taken by using Canon IXUS 50 and SAMSUNG $850 under the same mode, and the primary photo gallery was made. Then research team members picked out the well-taken photos to be processed as 10 cm - 15 cm facial expression pictures. 60 Chinese university students were asked to identify emotion category in these pictures. Seven pictures of Japanese Female Facial Expression （JAFFE） were used to identify the validity. The pictures were picked out and processed by 28 university students to test their reliability , and to test their validity compared with JAFFE. Results 80 pictures were picked out in the first screening. One evaluator was ruled out because of his anxiety and depression, and 59 students （29 boys and 30 girls） screened out 40 pictures, whose discrimination rate was higher than 70%. 21 pictures were picked out to be tested for reliability, validity and emotion grades. The discrimination rates of 21 pictrues were higher than those of JAFFE. Besides pictures angry 1, angry 3, fearful 1-3, sad 3 and disgusted 1-3, the reliability coefficient of the others was higher than 0.7. Compared with JAFFE, the consistency of negative facial expression in 21 pictures was less than the consistency of happy, neutral or surprised facial expression. Conclusions 21 facial expression pictures are representative materials for future emotion research. Facial expression and emotion is influenced by different culture.