不同品种、不同周龄鸡蛋营养成分比较研究

Comparison of Nutritional Composition of Eggs Reproduced by Different Breeds at Different Weeks of Age

本试验选用北京油鸡、白来航、海兰褐3个品种,每个品种随机挑选17或19周龄(北京油鸡)、42周龄、70周龄母鸡收集鸡蛋进行蛋黄营养成分的测定。结果表明:不同品种3个产蛋时期的蛋黄比例、蛋白比例、蛋黄维生素E含量都有极显著差异(P<0.01)。其中白来航、海兰褐在不同产蛋时期的蛋黄、蛋白比例呈现相同的变化趋势,即蛋黄比例为70周龄蛋最高,蛋白比例为初产蛋最高。3个品种不同产蛋时期维生素E含量变化亦势趋相同,初产蛋最高。3个品种42周龄蛋中的必需氨基酸比例显著高于其他2个时间点(P<0.01)。商业品种与中国地方鸡种所产蛋在蛋黄、蛋白比例、维生素B2变化趋势迥异,无统一规律可循。

This study was conducted to compare the nutritional composition and quality of eggs reproduced by different breeds at different weeks of age. Beijing-you, White Leghorn and Hyline-brown layers were chosen as the experimental birds. Each breed had five hens. The five eggs reproduced by the five hens were collected at three different period, 17 or 19 weeks （for Beijing-you）, 42 weeks and 70 weeks. After the measurement of egg quality, the five eggs of each time point were prepared to analyze the nutritional composition. The results showed that the egg yolk proportion, the egg white proportion and the content of vitamin E in egg yolk were significant different（P 〈 0.01）. White Leghorn and Hyline-brown exhibited the same trend. The 70 -week eggs had the highest egg yolk proportion, however, the first egg had the highest egg white proportion. The content of vitamin E of all three breeds at different time showed that the first eggs were larger than those of 70 wks eggs, and the 70 wks eggs were larger than 42 wks eggs. The essential amino acids proportion of 42 wks eggs were significantly higher than those in the other periods （P 〈 0.01）. In conclusion, it was showed that the first eggs of different breeds had the enriched vitamin E, and a few of the essential amino acids. The eggs reproduced by layers in different breeds showed a great diversity of tendency in the egg yolk proportion, the egg white proportion and vitamin B.