水肥处理对赣南脐橙抗旱生理特性及土壤水分的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Treatment on Anti-drought Physiological Characters of Navel Orange and Soil Moisture in Orange Garden of Gannan

[目的]为建立赣南生态脐橙园抗旱保水技术体系提供依据。[方法]以纽荷尔为试验材料,田间试验采用以水分因子A为主区,肥料因子(壮果肥)B为副区的裂区设计,设8个处理,①A1B1(不覆草,50%有机肥)、②A1B2(不覆草,40%有机肥)、③A1B3(不覆草,30%有机肥)、④A1B4(对照1,不覆草,100%化肥)、⑤A2B1(覆草,50%有机肥)、⑥A2B2(覆草,40%有机肥+60%化肥)、⑦A2B3(覆草,30%有机肥+70%化肥)、⑧A2B4(对照2,覆草,100%化肥)。研究不同水肥处理对赣南脐橙园土壤水分以及脐橙抗旱生理特性的影响。[结果]处理⑦的土壤水分含量较处理④提高18.03%,较处理⑧提高11.71%;叶绿素含量随增施有机肥比例的增加而增加;处理⑥的叶片蒸腾速率较处理④降低4.17%,较处理⑧降低6.12%;处理⑦的叶片光合速率分别较处理④和处理⑧提高3.05%和15.86%。[结论]采用稻草覆盖,结合壮果肥配施一定比例的有机肥有助于保持土壤水分、提高脐橙叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率、降低叶片蒸腾速率。

[ Objective ] The aim was to provide basis for establishing anti-drought technology system for navel orange garden in Gannan. [ Method] Taken Newhall as the trial materials, field test adopting water factor A as main zone, fertilizer factor B as sub-zone, 8 treatment were designed ： ①A1 B1 （ without straw covering, 50% organic fertilizer）, ②A1 B2 （ without straw covering, 40% organic fertilizer）, ③A1 B3 （without straw covering, 30% organic fertilizer）, ④A1 B4 （CK1, without straw covering, 100% chemical fertilizer）, ⑤A2B1 （treated with straw covering, 50% organic fertilizer）, ⑥A2 B2 （treated with straw covering, 40% organic fertilizer ＋ 60% chemical fertilizer）, ⑦A2B3 （treated with straw covering, 30% organic fertilizer ＋ 70% chemical fertilizer）,⑧A2B4 （CK2, treated with straw covering, 100% organic fertilizer）. Effects of different treatments with water and fertilizer on anti-drought physiological characters of navel orange were studied. [ Result ] Treatment 7 could maintain soil moisture well, increasing the soil moisture by 18.03% and 1 t. 71% compared to the treatment 4 and 8, respectively. Chlorophyll content gradually increased with the increasing proportion of organic manure; treatment 6 was lower 4. 17% and 6. 12% in the leaf transpiration rate than treatment 4 and 8 respectively ; treatment 7 was higher 3.05% and 15.86% in the leaf photosynthetic rate than treatment 4 and 8 respectively. [ Conclusion] Straw covering additionally with organic and inorganic compound fertilization is favor of improvement of soil moisture of orange garden, increasing of chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthetic rate, and decreasing of leaf transpiration rate.