广西西南石灰岩地区公众生物多样性保护意识研究

Survey and Analysis of Public Awareness of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest Guangxi Province

采用问卷与访谈相结合的方法,调查了广西西南石灰岩地区板利、岜盆、德孚等3个自然保护区公众(乡村居民、小学教师和小学生)生态环境保护意识和行为倾向。结果表明:在3个常见生态学名词中,成年公众对生态平衡的知晓度最高,物种灭绝次之,生物多样性最低;小学教师对常见生态学名词的总体知晓度最高,小学生次之,乡村居民最低;成年公众对植物生态环境作用的认知度比对动物高,但在保护倾向上,对后者的支持率高于前者。乡村居民对保护区的主要关注点为保护成效和保护区对其利益的影响,小学教师主要关注保护区保护对象以及保护成效;大多数成年公众关注到自然环境的变化,广西西南石灰岩地区成年公众对其周边自然环境的满意度高于中国其他地区;83.4%的公众表示支持保护区工作,保护区居民易于接受沼气池、节柴灶等可再生与节能的能源利用方式。

An inquiry using both questionnaire and interview was carried on the residents living near 3 nature reserves （ Banli, Bapen and Deifu） in limestone area, southwest Guangxi Province. Results showed that the rate of cognition to the 3 ecological terms by the adults was in the order of ecological balance 〉 species extinction 〉 biodiversity. Among the three audiences groups participated in the survey the rate of cognition was in the order of elementary school teachers 〉 school children 〉 villagers. The public audiences had higher rate of recognition on the ecological and environmental impact of plants than animals. However, support rate of protecting animals was higher than that of plants. The main focus of the villagers was the impact of the nature reserves on their interest. The elementary school teachers tended to focus more on the object of protection and the effectiveness of the protection efforts. The majority of the audiences were aware of the change in natural environment. The residents in southwest Guangxi Province were more satisfied of their natural environment than residents in other regions of China. 83.4% of the residents showed their support to the work of nature reserves. Residents living near nature reserves generally accepted the renewable energy sources and energy saving devices such as methane tank and efficient firewood stoves.