沉积成岩作用研究的若干问题

Some Problems on the Study of Sedimentary Diagenesis

20世纪60年代由于物理化学动力学的引入和低温低压下矿物相平衡的研究,沉积成岩作用的研究有了突破性的进展,有机地球化学大大促进了沉积成岩作用的研究。现在沉积成岩作用的研究已经成为包括大地构造、盆地分析、沉积学、物理化学、有机地球化学等学科、范围包括大、中、小尺度的各种作用的综合研究。对油气和固体矿产资源的需求促进了沉积成岩作用的深入研究,石油天然气的形成和聚集、储层性质的变化涉及沉积成岩的全过程;一些低温低压的层控固体矿产的富集涉及盆地沉积充填、盆山转化的岩相及流体的动力和物理化学行为,自上世纪70年代以来,研究工作都有重要进展。近年来有关海洋沉积的研究、硅、锰、碳酸盐等沉积物形成、大地构造背景、同位素、有机物形成演化等的成岩过程的研究都有重要进展,也成为研究的热点问题。

In 1960s of the last century, due to the introduction of physicochemical kinetics and fiacies equilibrium of minerals under low temperature and low pressure conditions, the study on sedimentary diagenesis has achieved obvious breakthroughs and advances; in the meantime, the organic geochemistry also enhanced the research on the sedimentary diagenesis. At present, the study on the sedimentary diagenesis has become the integrated research with wide scales and multi disciplines including tectonics, basin analysis, sedimentology, physiochemistry and organic geochemistry, and so on. The great demands on petroleum and solid mineral resources have provided the impetus to the deep research on the sedimentary diagenesis. And, the geological processes such as petroleum formation and accumulation, variation of reservoir properties are all involved in the sedimentary diagenesis; the enrichment of some stratigraphically-controlled mineral deposits is related to the basin fillings, conversion of basin - mountain lithofacies as well as dynamics of fluid flow and physicochemical behavior. Since 1970s, all these researches have gained considerable achievements. In recent years, investigations on the diagenetic processes relevant to marine sedimentation, silicon, Mn and carbonate sediments, tectonic background, isotopes, organism evolution have also gotten important advances and become hotspots in these fields.