流体包裹体研究:进展、地质应用及展望

Fluid Inclusions:Latest Development,Geological Applications and Prospect

在多数地质作用过程中,流体都担任着元素迁移的载体、化学反应的活化剂的角色。大量研究表明,岩石、矿物以及元素在有无流体的情况下会表现出迥异的物理和化学性质,所以对于认识某一地质过程而言,流体方面的研究往往能够提供极其重要的信息。流体包裹体则以其直接反映古流体的成分,在各种矿物中的普遍存在性,以及对各种后期改造有一定的抵抗力等特点而成为研究古地质流体的最佳样本,并已经被成功地应用到各种地质过程的研究中。从基本概念出发,讨论了流体包裹体的种类和原生、次生流体包裹体的区分,对流体包裹体的岩相学观察要点以及流体包裹体研究的最新进展做了简要的综述,着重介绍了研究中常用的分析方法及变质岩中流体包裹体的研究,并举例说明了流体包裹体在矿床学、石油地质学中的应用,以及近期的一些关于流体包裹体中保存生物标志和生物遗迹化石的研究,最后对未来流体包裹体研究的发展方向作了简单的展望。

Fluids are aubiquitous transport medium for heat and matter in most geological process. The pres- ence of fluids in rocks may affect the chemical and physical properties, mineral reaction velocity and heat budget of geological systems, Direct sample of geological fluids could be preserved only in fluid inclusions that were trapped during the growth of their host mineral. Fluid inclusions can provide us unique information for the presence and composition of ancient fluids which can not be obtained by other geochemical methods （e. g. the component and e- volution of diagenetic fluid; process of fluid-rock interaction; migration of trace elements in fluid）. The study of fluid inclusions thus has become one of the ＂hottest＂ fields in earth sciences, and plays an important role in studies correlated with geological processes. Starting with a general introduction to the fluid inclusion properties and a sum- marization about the classification of primary- and secondary-fluid inclusions, this paper reveiws the most recent de- velopment in analytical methods in the fluid inclusion research field. We also review the current application of fluid inclusions to various fields in earth sciences （e. g. metamorphic fluid, ore-deposit, petroleum geology and biomark- er） in the paper. Finally, we give a short outlook on potential future research topics about fluid inclusion studies.