三江平原浓江河湿地生态廊道区及其周边春季鸟类多样性研究

Bird Diversity in Nongjiang River Wetland Ecological Corridor and Its Surrounding in the Sanjiang Plain in Spring

浓江河湿地生态廊道是连接三江平原洪河国家级自然保护区湿地和三江国家级自然保护区湿地的生态廊道。2008年春季,对浓浓江河湿地江湿地生态廊道鸟类资源开展了调查研究。在研究区5种鸟类栖息生境共设立11个调查点,共记录有鸟类14目26科68种,3220只。浓江河湿地生态廊道鸟类多样性指数(H’)较高,生境主要以沼泽湿地为主,不同栖息生境中鸟类多样性指数表现为H’沼泽(1.2601)>H’水域(1.2488)>H’居民区(0.9031)>H’农田(0.8728)>H’林地(0.8716);均匀性指数(E)表现为E水域(0.1823)>E农田(0.1646)>E林地(0.1429)>E沼泽(0.1105)>E居民区(0)。维持浓江河湿地生态廊道沼泽和水域的面积对于保护该廊道的功能具有重要意义。

The middle of Nongjiang River is the ecological corridor connecting the two wetlands of Honghe National Nature Reserve and Sanjiang National Nature Reserve. The types and features of marsh wetlands in the corridor area are representative of the original landscapes of the Sanjiang Plian. By the field survey, the characteristic of bird diversity in Nongjiang River wetland ecological corridor and its surrounding was studied in the spring, 2008.11 monitoring plots were chosen according to different bird habitats＇ types. 68 species of spring birds, belonging to 14 families and 26 orders were recorded in the corridor. The results showed that the bird diversity was abundant in the corridor in spring and the index of Shannon - Winner was 1. 466 9. Bird diversity index of the habitat of mire was the maximum （ 1. 260 1 ）, next was the habitat of water body （ 1. 248 8 ）, residential area （0.903 1 ）, farmland（0.872 8）, the habitat of forest was the minimum（0.871 6） ; the evenness index of water habitat（0. 182 3）was the maximum, next was then the farmland（0. 164 6）, forest（0. 142 9） and mire（0. 110 5）, the index of residential area was the minimum（0）. The area of mire and water body should be maintained to preserve the ecological function of Nongjiang River wetland corridor.