基于HSI模型的扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤繁殖生境适宜性评价

Breeding Habitat Suitability Evaluation of Red-crown Crane in Zhalong National Nature Reserve by the Method of Habitat Suitability Index

在对扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)繁殖生境因子进行野外调查的基础上,利用地理信息系统技术,建立丹顶鹤繁殖生境适宜度指数(habitat suitability index,HSI)模型,对丹顶鹤的繁殖生境适宜性进行了定量评价,并对所建立的HSI模型精度进行了验证。结果表明,2003年扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤的适宜繁殖生境面积为385km2,次适宜繁殖生境面积为204km2,微适宜和非适宜繁殖生境面积合计为1510km2。丹顶鹤适宜繁殖生境呈条带状或块状分布,而且主要集中在扎龙国家级自然保护区的核心区内。利用HSI模型进行扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤繁殖生境适宜性评价是可行的。

Red - crown crane （ Grus japonensis） is a kind of rare water birds in the world. And the protection of the species has been attracting attentions worldwide. Due to habitat losses and deterioration, the species continued to decline in number. And we come to recognize that the habitats should be conserved to save the species. Zhalong National Nature Reserve （NNR） is a key - breeding place for the red - crown crane and other rare threatened and endangered water birds. In order to evaluate the breeding habitat quality, the method of habitat suitability index （HSI） was introduced in the study. As a method of habitat evaluation, HSI model has been widely used in the programming and evaluation of land management. In the paper, four major habitat factors for the red -crown crane were identified by field investigation, including disturbance, food, water regime and shelter in Zhanglong NNR. Although these four habitat variables have indirect relationship with vegetation types,disturbance degree, food richness,water depth and shelter condition can expressed by vegetation types in a way. And then 4 Aster images in 2003 were used to map the vegetation type in the study area with the Arcmap software, and then field investigations of vegetation type were conducted to verify and correct the interpreted vegetation map. Based on maps of detailed vegetation types in 2003, each habitat factor map was made from the vegetation maps by the tool of ArcGIS software. A HSI model was built reflecting habitat factors and human impacts based on GIS technology. In order to verify the built HSI1 and HSI model, After the collection of the data about the locations of each red - crown crane＇ s nest recorded with the GPS in the same period （ in 2003 ）, the nests＇ locations were then changed into dot map （ shape file）. The dot map, called the input file, was overlaid by the HSI1 model map and HSI model map respectively to verify the accuracy of each model （ including the built HSI1 and HSI model）. The following conclusions were achieved that the acreage of suitable habitats for red - crown crane was 385 km^2 ; the acreage of the less suitable habitats was 204 km^2 ; and the acreage of unsuitable habitats was as high as 1 510 km^2. The suitable habitats was distributed horizontally （or like a strip） in the study area and aggregated mainly in the core area of the reserve. The fragmentation of habitats was a very important one among all the factors related to the suitability of habitats, which play an important role on the red - crown crane＇ s selection of habitats. The HSI model was proved right and effective in evaluating the habitat quality in the paper.