网络破碎、治理失灵与食品安全供给

Broken Network,Governance Failure and Food Safety Supply

日益增加的食品安全问题表明我们需要从新的视角来重新审视食品安全供给制度,而网络治理途径则为此提供了较为适宜的分析途径。食品安全问题本身所具有的认知差异、目标冲突与相互依赖等特性赋予了其"恶劣问题"的属性,而对此类问题的解决通常需要引入网络治理的思路。与其将食品安全供给主体的缺失视为食品安全治理失灵的主要障碍,还不如将食品安全供给主体各自为阵、缺乏有效整合看作是导致食品安全问题频发的主要诱因。从网络治理途径出发,当前的食品安全供给网络呈现出"碎片化"特征,正是这种"碎片化"迷失了食品安全供给主体的角色,使他们错判了自身应该承担的食品安全供给责任。而认知差异、分割式协调、互动障碍以及有效网络管理的缺失则可以视为导致这种"碎片化"的重要因素。因此,食品安全的有效供给将取决于能否通过创新性的思维方式实现从破碎的网络向无缝隙网络的转变,以整体一致的方式来提高食品安全供给的质量。

The increasing occurrence of food safety issues shows that it is necessary to re-examine the food safety system from a fresh perspective,and network governance is to provide a more appropriate way to analyze it. The properties of 'wicked problems' also indicate that the network governance is appropriate to deal with food safety. Instead of viewing the deficiency of suppliers as the main obstacle to food safety governance failure,the lack of effective integration among the suppliers of food safety should be the main cause for the frequency of food safety problems. According to network governance theory,the current supply network of food safety appears the characteristic of fragmentation,which makes the suppliers of food safety lose their roles and misunderstand their responsibilities in the supply of food safety. Therefore,the effective supply of food safety will depend on the change from a broken network to seamless one,which needs an innovative way to realize.