不同灌溉量对沙漠边缘春小麦生育特征及产量的影响

Study on Effect of Different Irrigation to Growing Characters of Sping Wheat and Yield in Edge of A Desert

［目的］通过研究河西走廊沙漠边缘春小麦的灌溉量，为解决该地用水矛盾日益突出的问题提供理论依据。［方法］在春小麦种植区，通过5种不同灌水量处理进行了田间节水灌溉试验。［结果］在干旱胁迫下，春小麦生育速度加快,提前成熟。通过分析春小麦叶面积、灌浆速度、干物质重量和产量，得到苗期和从乳熟期到成熟期是进行节水灌溉和调亏灌溉的适宜期。［结论］该地区春小麦全生育期总灌水量在3 600～4 000 m^3/hm^2,头水在拔节前10～15 d灌溉，灌水量占灌水总量的25%；二水在孕穗期灌溉，占30%；三水在开花期灌溉，占30%；四水在乳熟前3～4 d灌溉，占15%。

[ Objective ] By analyzing the spring wheat irrigation in edge of a desert of Hexi corridor, the theory was provided to resolve the contradiction of water consumption in this place. [ Methods]The field water conservation examination went on in spring wheat planting areas, which included five different irrigation treatments. [ Results] The speed of spring wheat growing was faster and ripened ahead by the drought stress. The leaf area,grouting speed,dry matter and yield of spring wheat were studied. The result showed that the seedling stage and milk ripe stage to ripening stage were optimum of water-saving irrigation and turning down irrigation. [ Conclusion ] The total irrigation of the whole spring wheat growth was 3 600 -4 000 m^3/hm^2. The first water irrigated at ahead 10 - 15 d of jointing. The irrigation accounted for total irrigation＇ s 25%. The second water irrigated at booting, accounting for 30%. The third water irrigated at flowering, accounting for 30%. The fourth water irrigated at ahead 3 -4 d of milk ripening, accounting for 15%.