长期定位施肥对暗棕壤磷素肥力的影响

Effects of Long-term Located Fertilization on Phosphorus Fertility of Alfisol

[目的]为合理施肥、充分利用土壤磷素资源、提高磷肥利用率提供科学依据。[方法]通过黑河暗棕壤28年长期定位试验,研究施肥对0～20 cm棕壤全磷、有效磷含量和小麦植株磷素积累的影响。[结果]长期不施肥,土壤全磷含量呈平缓并略微下降趋势,施肥处理土壤全磷含量表现为上升趋势,全磷含量增加的幅度由高到低顺序为:低量化肥+有机肥>高量化肥+有机肥>高量化肥+秸秆>高量化肥>低量化肥>单施有机肥>高量化肥>单施秸秆>中量化肥,其中化肥与有机肥配施的处理土壤全磷分别提高了29.6%和24.8%。与不施肥处理相比,高量化肥配施有机肥处理和低量化肥配施有机肥处理土壤有效磷含量分别增加808%和188%,而高量化肥处理和低量化肥处理土壤有效磷含量分别增加672%和100%。[结论]建议配合施用有机与无机肥提高暗棕壤磷素肥力。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to provide scientific basis for the reasonable fertilization and full use of soil P resources and the increase of P fertilizer use efficiency. [ Method ] Through 28-year long-term fertilization experiment of alfisol in Heihe, the contents of total P and available P in 0-20cm soil layer and wheat plants was studied. [ Result ] The long-term fertilization of soil total phosphorus content was slightly downward, and increased in phosphorus fertilization treatment. Total phosphorus content in the range of high to low increase in the following order ： low-volume chemical fertilizer ＋ organic manure 〉 high amount of chemical fertilizer ＋ organic manure 〉 high-volume chemical fertilizer ＋ straw 〉 high-volume chemical fertilizer 〉 low volume of chemical fertilizer 〉 single organic 〉 high-volume chemical fertilizer 〉 single application of straw 〉 in the amount of chemical fertilizer. And soil total phosphorus contents of fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatment increased 29.6% and 24.8% respectively. While soil available P contents of non-fertilizer treatments compared to the bigh volume of organic fertilizer with a low volume of processing and handling of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer increased by 808% and 188% , and that of high-volume and low volume of chemical fertilizer increased by 672% processing and 100%. [ Conclusion ] The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve phosphorus fertility in alfisol.