新型介孔固体碱材料的合成

Synthesis of Novel Mesoporous Solid Bases

介孔固体碱能够催化各式各样的化学反应,降低生产成本并减少对环境的污染,可望代替液体碱成为新一代环境友好催化材料。介孔材料的飞速发展为介孔固体碱的研制提供了契机,到目前为止,研究人员已经采用不同途径合成出了多种类型的介孔固体碱材料。本文以主体材料作为线索,综述了在介孔氧化硅、介孔氧化铝、介孔氧化锆和介孔炭上产生碱性位的方法,描述了所制得固体碱的结构、性质及其在催化反应中的应用。在此基础上,评价了这些制备方法的优缺点,剖析了碱性位产生机理,并对介孔固体碱的发展前景进行了展望。

Mesoporous solid bases can catalyze diverse reactions with a low cost and reduce the production of pollutants. They are promising to take the place of liquid bases and are significant for the development of environmentally benign catalytic processes. The rapid development of mesoporous materials provides an opportunity for the research and preparation of mesoporous solid bases. Up to now, a series of mesoporous solid bases have been successfully synthesized by various methods. In the present paper, the approaches for generating basic sites on different mesoporous hosts, i.e. silica, alumina, zirconia, and carbon, are reviewed. The structures, properties, and catalytic performances of resulting basic materials are described. On the basis of these results, the different synthesis methods are evaluated and the mechanisms of basicity generation are clarified. Finally, the development tendency of mesoporous solid bases is proposed.