当疯癫不再是偶然——20世纪美国女性的心理问题与文学诉说

When Madness is No Longer an Accidental Occurrence——Mental Problems of American Women in the 20^(th) Century and Women's Literary Tales

本文从女性心理学和精神分析女性主义的角度对美国妇女解放运动之前女性心理问题频发的现象进行了探究。研究发现,对女性心理的了解经历了女性/巫性,女性/非理性,女性/病态的无知、错误和纠正的过程;而女性对自身的认识也经历了从沉默、抑郁到自白的发展。女性的心理问题和精神疾病与男性社会的冷漠、男性对女性精神上的入侵、社会与家庭双重的压力紧密相关,众多文学女性的疯癫反映了社会的文化层面与意识层面对女性了解的失败,反映了社会对女性心理塑形的极大负面影响。本文旨在指出,女性的心理健康除了认识到社会的期望暗示作用以外,还需要女性提升自身的意识,从思想上肯定女性性别与男性性别的等同性。

This paper discusses the notion of women＇s madness in the 20th century America. As history wrongly linked women to witchcraft and irrationality, women had experienced a hard time changing from keeping reticence to opening to literary confession. The numerous cases of mad women, particularly the madness of women poets, suggest that this is not at all an accidental occurrence as therapists imagined. Instead, it implied that social expectations of women were what suppressed women into their mental disorder. It turned out that male chauvinism, combined with male-dominated ideology, exerted a negative impact on women＇s mentality and was the sources of women＇s madness. To step completely from the madness tendency, women need to elevate their independent thinking and grant their sexual identify the same recognition as that of men.