塔里木河流域环境信息系统开发研究

Development of Environmental Information System for the Tarim River Basin

环境信息系统是塔里木河流域水量调度管理系统的一个专业分析子系统。通过计算生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数和污染负荷指数进行环境质量评价;采用"植株潜水蒸发定额法"来计算维持天然植被现状的生态需水量;结合生态风险评价思想和景观生态学方法,分别计算生态退化指数、风险度指数和易恢复度指数,构建一个生态风险强度指数进行相应的生态风险分析评价,从而探讨系统建设总体方案、系统的功能和结构以及与其他子系统集成问题。实践表明,将理论研究成果,通过ArcGIS+Oracle9i+ArcSDE技术来开发环境信息系统具有较强的实用性和可操作性,能够为干旱区环境作出科学的评价,也可为其他相关系统开发提供一定的参考。

The environmental information system is a thematic analysis subsystem in the water redistribution management system for the Tarim River Basin. This paper studies mainly the general design, structure and functions of the thematic analysis subsystem and the integration with other subsystems. Firstly, the ecological quality indices （EQI）, such as the biological abundance index, vegetation coverage index, hydrographic net density index, land degradation index and pollution load index, are used to investigate the environmental quality in the Tarim River Basin. Secondly, a quota method is put forward for calculating the ecological water demand of natural vegetation. Thirdly, some indexes including the ecological degeneration index, risk degree index and regeneration degree index are calculated based on the concept of ecological risk assessment and the method of landscape ecology, and the corresponding ecological risk is analyzed and assessed. The results show that it is of the obvious practicality and maneuverability to take the means of ArcGIS ＋ Oracle9i ＋ ArcSDE to develop the environmental information system. The study results can be used to carry out the thematic assessment and analysis of ecological environment in arid areas, and can also be referred in developing other systems concerned.