基于3S技术的新疆耕地盐渍化状况调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Salinization Degree of Cultivated Land in Xinjiang Based on 3S Technology

在资源环境遥感调查信息平台的支持下,以2004-2005年度中巴资源卫星影像数据为信息源,结合多层环境要素数据库、野外定点调查分析等数据,采用多要素综合分析的解译方法,通过人机交互式解译,综合判断并提取了新疆盐渍化耕地的空间分布数据,并在已有资源环境背景数据库、土地利用数据库的支持下进行了空间分析。盐渍化耕地的空间信息提取具有一定的复杂性,多要素综合分析的方法可以进行盐渍化耕地的宏观快速调查。分析结果表明:新疆灌区盐渍化耕地面积占新疆灌区耕地总面积的32.07%,近20年来盐渍化耕地所占耕地总面积的比例变化不大。盐渍化耕地大部分市县均有分布,南疆重于北疆。盐渍化耕地主要分布在洪积扇的中下部、河流中下游、地势平缓低洼等区域。新开垦的耕地中,土壤盐渍化现象普遍。

After analyzing the spectral properties of saline soil, in this paper the data of spatial distribution of salinized soil in Xinjiang are extracted and analyzed using the CBERS images in the year of 2004 -2005 based on the multi-hierarchical databases of environmental factors （including the resources environment background database and the land utilization database） , investigated and analyzed results of field investigation in GIS, multi-factor integrated analysis and man-machine interactive interpretation. It is complicated to extract the spatial information of salinized arable land, and the multi-factor integrated dnalysis can be used to carry out the macroscopic investigation of salinized arable land quickly. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） With the area enlargement of arable land, the area of salinized soil is also enlarged ; （2） The proportion of area of the salinized arable lands is 32.07% of the total area in the irrigated areas in Xinjiang, and the change of this proportion is not so obvious since recent 20 years based on the predecessors＂ statistical results and the survey in 2006; （3） Salinized arable land is distributed in the most cities and counties in Xinjiang, and its proportion is higher in south Xinjiang than that in north Xinjiang. Geomorphologically, salinized arable land is mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the proluvial fans, middle and lower reaches of the rivers, downfolds, etc. Soil salinization is common in the newly-reclaimed land.