周口店田园洞MIS3阶段古人类生存环境

ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND OF HUMAN OCCUPATION AT ZHOUKOUDIAN TIANYUAN CAVE

周口店田园洞遗址是2001年新发现的一处重要的更新世晚期古人类遗址，年代测定表明古人类在该遗址活动时间发生在40-38.5kaBP前，属MIS3阶段。对田园洞洞穴堆积物的哺乳动物群、磁化率、黏土矿物和氧化物等进行分析和测试，结果表明，田园洞堆积物总体上为在重力作用下，洞穴围岩崩塌充填而成；洞穴发育和充填经过了洞穴发育一快速充填—稳定沉积—充填完成4个阶段，对应的气候环境经历了冷湿温暖干冷温暖湿润的变化过程。古人类活动于快速充填期，气候比较温暖湿润，动植物资源丰富，有利于古人类生存活动。田园洞古人类生存环境研究对揭示北京周口店地区MIS3阶段古人类生存环境具有重要意义。

The Tianyuan Cave site, which was discovered in 2001, is an important paleoanthropological site of late Pleisesscone in China. It is located at the Tianyuan Tree Farm, Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan County, Beijing. The site was investigated and excavated in 2003 and 2004 by a team from the Institute of Ver tebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A large number of human fos sils （3 dated which 4 pieces） and mammalian fossils （39 species have been identified） were unearthed. The skeleton is to be 42000-38500 calendrical years by using direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon, falls into the MIS 3 （Marine Isotope Stage 3）. In order to interpret the possible environmental changes especially the impact on human activities at Tianyuan cave, even in Beijing, the systematic analysis of the mammalian fauna, magnetic susceptibility, clay minerals as well as oxides from sediments was carried out by the authors in the current paper. Sediments of the cave were probably formed by gravitation, and experienced cave development stage, quickly accumulating stage, stable deposition stage and filling stage. The climate may have changed from cold and humid in the forming stage to warm in the quickly accumulating stage, to dry and cold in stable depositing stage, and to warm and humid in the last stage in early Hol- ocene. It should be noted that both the human and mammalian fossils were mainly distributed in layer 3 of breccia, indicating that human occupation in the cave took place in the quickly accumulating stage. In addition, the climate and environment were optimal as a warm temperature with flourishing forest and animals, which may lead to intensified occupation of early human beings. In brief, the studying of human activity environment at Tianyuan cave bears great significance in the research of human occupation environment in Beijing area during MIS 3.