不同方法制备的鱼腥草挥发油化学成分的研究

Study on chemical components of volatile oil prepared from Houttuynia cordata Thunb by different methods

目的:对溶剂萃取、水蒸气蒸馏、超临界CO2萃取制备的鱼腥草挥发油化学成分进行鉴定,为选取鱼腥草挥发油制备工艺提供理论依据。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析方法,鉴定3种方法制备的鱼腥草挥发油化学成分。结果:3种方法制备的鱼腥草挥发油共有19个相同组分,主要为萜、醛酮、脂肪醇、低级脂肪酸、酯类等轻质类脂化合物。超临界CO2萃取的挥发油除包含溶剂萃取、水蒸气蒸馏的挥发油中大部分组分外,还包含高级醛、酮、醇、脂肪酸及其酯等较高分子量的脂溶性成分,并保留了特征成分癸酰乙醛。结论:超临界CO2萃取的挥发油中癸酰乙醛与高分子酯类化合物形成共混物,有利于提高鱼腥草挥发油稳定性,适宜于鱼腥草口服制剂的开发。

Objective：To provide a theoretical basis for selection of extraction methods,the chemical components of volatile oil from Houttuynia cordata Thunb prepared by solvent extraction, steam distillation and supercritical CO2 were analyzed. Methods： The chemical components of volatile oil were identif ied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） analysis. Results： 19 same components consisted of erpenes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, lower fatty acids and esters were identifed in volatile oil prepared by three methods. Besides the same components,the components in oil prepared by supercritical CO2 also contained senior fatty acids, senior aliphatic hydrocarbons, sterols and other lipophilic components of high molecular weight. Particularly, the oil extracted by SC-CO2 contained decanoyl acetaldehyde（Houttuyninum）, a physiologically active substance. Conclusion： The oil prepared by supercritical CO2 containing the mixture of decanoyl acetaldehyde and lipid compounds of high molecular weight can maintain stability, and it is a suitable pharmaceutical intermediate for the development of oral formulations.