中国东部沿海沿边城市旅游气候舒适度评价

Evaluation of Tourism Climate Comfortableness of Coastal Cities in the Eastern China

在温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数测定的基础上,构建了一个新的综合气候舒适度评价模型,该模型具有可比较和可加和等特点。运用新的模型,分析了我国东部沿海26个热点城市气候舒适度,划分出适宜于旅游活动的等级和时段分布,并对气候舒适度的南北变化进行了分析。依据最适期的年内分布将其划分为3种旅游气候类型:夏适型气候以哈尔滨为代表,春秋适宜型气候以北京和南京为代表,冬适型气候以海口为代表。从气候舒适度指数的南北差异来看,夏季气候舒适度指数随纬度升高而增大,北方具有更高的旅游气候舒适性;冬季气候舒适度随纬度降低而升高,南方具有更高的旅游气候舒适性。调查了4个代表城市的入境旅游客流量年内变化,揭示了入境客流量年内变化和南北差异,划分出旅游旺季、旅游平季和旅游淡季,其中哈尔滨客流量年内变化呈"W"形,北京和南京的客流量年内变化呈"M"形,海口的客流量年内变化上"凹"弧形。在客流量月指数与气候舒适度指数比较的基础上,通过对特殊因子的数值化,采用虚拟变量的回归分析方法,建立了入境旅游客流量月指数模拟模型。

A new comprehensive comfort index is founded based on assignment of THI,WCI and ICL.This new index has some peculiarity like comparable,plus able and so on.The climate comfortable degree of 26 cities in eastern China is analyzed by the new index;the grades of fitness and its timely distribution are divided.The North-South variation of climate comfortable degree is analyzed.The 26 cities are divided into three types based on the distribution of comfortable period of a year.The annual comprehensive comfort index in 25°N is the highest,the annual comprehensive comfort index goes up as the latitude reduces in the north of 25°N,the annual comprehensive comfort index goes down as the latitude reduces in the south of 25°N.In summer the comprehensive comfort index goes up as the latitude increases.This shows that the north has a more comfort climate.In winter the comprehensive comfort index goes up as the latitude reduces.This shows that the south has a more comfort climate.Monthly variation of inbound tourists in the four typical cities are surveyed,the monthly variation of inbound tourists and its differences between North and South are revealed,and the dull season and busy season for tourism are divided.Monthly variation of inbound tourists in Harbin presents a ＂W-shaped＂ pattern,monthly variation of inbound tourists in Beijing and Nanjing a ＂M-shaped＂ pattern,and Haikou＇s monthly variation of inbound tourists a wide ＂U-shaped＂ pattern.Based on the comparison of monthly index of tourists and climate comfort degree and numerical valued special factors,the simulated model of the monthly index of inbound tourists is founded by the way of OLS.