填海造地对港湾湿地环境影响研究的新视角

New perspective of study on environmental impacts of reclaimed land in bay wetland

选择具有重要典型意义的沿海高度城市化及快速城市扩张地区港湾湿地为例,采取多学科方法交叉集成（环境科学、海岸海洋科学、景观生态学及地理信息科学）的研究途径,探索填海造地对港湾湿地景观格局及沉积环境的影响,即尝试从宏观尺度上研究填海造地影响下典型港湾湿地景观格局现状与时空演变,微观尺度上高分辨率提取填海造地影响下典型港湾湿地沉积物环境要素的时空变异信息,进而构建“填海造地环境行为驱动～港湾湿地环境响应”模型定量研究填海造地、港湾湿地景观格局及沉积环境要素三者之间的非线性时序关系及作用机制,为港湾地区科学填海、合理用海的有效管理提供科学依据。

The reclamation provides the benefits of increased land availability and access to coastal areas. However, there can be the serious environmental costs associated with the reclamation. The coastal wetland＇s response for the rapid city expansion in the bay-area city was studied. During the urban expansion to the coastal wetlands there may be many positive as well as negative aspects and consequences, such us landscape ecological vulnerability, wetlands habitat loss and landscape fragmentation, drastic modifications of ecosystem structure and function. The sediments of accumulation in an estuarine environment recorded the information about the history of changes in the source of the material, the rate of deposition and the influence of human activities. The impacts of the reclamation activities on the environment, such as the landscape ecological change （macro level） and sedimentation environmental information （micro level）, are just as damaging as the direct or indirect loss of coastal wetlands habitat. Fundamental to the progress are different levels of interaction and interconnectivity in non-linear time series model among the coastal reclamation, landscape pattern and sedimentation environment.