阳离子改性剂在棉纤维天然染料染色中的应用

Application of cationic modification agent to dyeing of cotton with natural dyes

针对天然染料对棉织物上染率低和色牢度差的问题,通过合成季铵盐阳离子改性剂,对棉纤维进行阳离子化改性。应用红外光谱、X-射线衍射分析改性前后棉织物的结构变化,探讨棉纤维的改性机制。通过单因素试验优化了改性剂对棉织物的改性工艺,结果显示：该改性剂显著地改善了天然染料在棉织物上的染色性能,当改性剂质量浓度为15~21 g/L,氢氧化钠质量浓度为4.5~5 g/L,改性温度为60~70℃,改性时间为50~60 min时,K/S值明显提高;天然染料在改性棉织物上的耐洗色牢度达到4级,耐摩擦色牢度基本达到3级。

In view of the low dye-uptake and poor color fastness of natural dyes on cotton fabrics, a quaternary ammonium salt based cationic modification agent was synthesized and applied to the cotton. The modification mechanics was studied and the changes of cotton fiber structure before and after modification were analyzed by FT-IR and XRD. The modification processes were optimized by single factor tests. The results indicated that the modification agent improves the dyeing performance of natural dyes on cotton fabrics. With 15 - 21 g/L of modification agent, 4.5 - 5 g/L of sodium hydroxide at 60 - 70℃ for 50 - 60 minutes, the K/S value of the modified cotton increased obviously. The washing fastness of the modified cotton was rated Grade 4 and the crocking fastness, Grade 3.