中国1985-2005年部分少数民族学生身体形态发育趋势研究

Study on the changing status of morphological development among minority students in China, from 1985 to 2005

目的了解1985—2005年中国部分少数民族学生身体形态发育的变化趋势。方法选择1985、1995、2000和2005年中国学生体质与健康调研资料较为完整的蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族、朝鲜族、藏族、瑶族、黎族、羌族、布依族、侗族、苗族、土族、撒拉族、柯尔克孜族共15个少数民族学生为研究对象，分析学生身高、体重和胸围测量结果。结果1985-2005年部分少数民族学生的身高平均年增长规律和特点与汉族学生基本一致，均有不同程度增长，但增长幅度逐渐减小；柯尔克孜族、朝鲜族、撒拉族和蒙古族18岁男学生身高超过170cm，依次为170．91、170．47、170．29、170．27cm，与汉族学生接近。部分少数民族学生体重有较大幅度提高。但部分少数民族学生胸围减少，只有蒙古族和朝鲜族乡村男生及蒙古族、壮族和朝鲜族乡村女生胸围增加，增长幅度分别为0．101、0．095、0．126、0．163、0．107cm。维吾尔族、蒙古族、朝鲜族和柯尔克孜族学生与汉族城市学生体格发育水平相近，以维吾尔族男女生最为突出。结论1985-2005年中国少数民族学生的身高、体重和胸围均有不同幅度提高。应进一步开展少数民族儿童青少年生长发育和健康监测。

Objective To identify the changes of morphological development status on minority students in China from 1985 to 2005. Methods We selected a total of 15 groups of the Chinese minority students as subjects of the study, including Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Yao, Li, Qiang, Buyi, Dong, Miao, Tu, Salar, Kirgiz, with data from the Chinese national survey on students＇ physical fitness and health condition in 1985, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Height, weight and waist of the subjects were calculated and analyzed. Results From 1985 to 2005, the growth and characteristics of height in the Chinese minority students had a similar increase when comparing to the Hall students, but with different degrees. However the growth rate was gradually decreasing. The average heights of Kirgiz, Korean, Salar and Mongolian schoolboys aged 18 years old were 170 cm, being 170.91 cm, 170.47 cm, 170.29 cm and 170.27 cm, respectively, which were close to that of the Han students. Some minority students had a substantial increase of body weight. However, the waist of some minority students decreased. Only a few groups of minority students had increasing waist, such as Mongolian and Korean rural boys, Mongolian, Zhuang, and Korean rural girls, with the growth being 0.101 em, 0.095 cm, 0.126 cm, 0.163 cm and 0.107 cm, respectively. Uygur, Mongolian, Kirgiz and Korean students had the morphological development similar to Han urban students, especially Uighur boys and girls. Conclusion From 1985 to 2005, The height, weight and waist of Chinese minority students had an overall increase at different degrees. In order to improve the physical fitness of minority students, awareness on nutrition and health education of both students and parents should be strengthened. Surveillance and programs on growth, development and health status of the minority children and adolescents should also be carried out continuouslv.