中国利用周边国家铁矿资源的潜力与对策

Potential and Countermeasures to Use Iron Ore Resources of China's Neighboring Countries

中国虽然是铁矿资源丰富和开发利用大国,但由于正处在现代化进程的工业化与城市化加速期,钢铁工业发展远远超过原来预期,铁矿资源需求与消费超过国内资源的开发供给能力,进口铁矿资源已成为满足国内钢铁工业发展的重要来源。从世界铁矿资源的赋存和开发利用格局分析,满足我国当前及今后一段时期的铁矿资源需求将不会存在"稀缺"问题,在我国周边国家的铁矿资源赋存与开发利用格局中,资源和产能均具有较大潜力,目前已有2/3进口铁矿石来自周边国家,能够继续成为我国利用国际铁矿资源的重要区域或主要区域。未来周边铁矿石进口来源国主要是澳大利亚、印度、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦等,应逐步提高俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦等国进口比重。主要结论与对策包括:周边国家可以成为我国进口铁矿石的主要来源地;构筑进口铁矿石来源全球多元化格局;积极和全面参与周边铁矿资源丰富国家的开发,共同分享和承担在铁矿资源勘探、开发、出口等方面的利益和风险;构建协调与主动的铁矿资源进口价格谈判机制,成为世界铁矿资源市场价格的主导力量,实现"双赢";全力维护与发展周边铁矿资源出口国家的地缘政治关系,共同构建区域和谐发展环境。

China is a big country with rich iron ore resources and a production capacity. However, as China is in the process of modernization being represented by accelerating courses of industrialization and urbanization, the development of iron and steel industries has gone further than what was expected before. Consequently, importing iron ore resources has become a critical way to meet the development of domestic iron and steel industries. From the perspective of endowment of iron ore resources and its exploration and utilization patterns all over the world, there does not exist a kind of ＂scarcity issue＂ of iron ore resources for satisfying current and future demand for China. The resources and production capacity of iron ore of China＇ s neighboring countries have a great potential, showing that 2/3 of imported iron ore for China are from its neighboring countries at present. The regions will thus be continuously treated as the important or primary regions where China can utilize international iron ore resources in the future. The primary neighboring countries that can provide iron ore resources include Australia, India, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, etc. At the same time, China should consider progressively raising the proportion of imported iron ore from Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and others countries. It was conclude that China＇ s neighboring countries can be the primary sources of regions for providing iron ore; China should positively build global diversified patterns for importing iron ore for meeting its increasing demand; positively and extensively participate in the exploration and utilization of iron ore recourses in neighboring countries and commit to sharing the interests and undertaking the risks in the exploration, development and export of iron ore resources; construct a harmonious and active negotiation mechanism for importing iron ore resources and try to become a leading force to determine the world market price of iron ore, achieving a win-win situation; strive for safeguarding and developing the geopolitical relationships with neighboring countries and construct together a harmonious and stable regional environment for development.