关于西藏草原的几点思考

Several Thoughts about Grasslands in Tibet

超载过牧、草畜矛盾、鼠虫害和人为破坏等问题是西藏草地目前所面临的主要问题。通过藏北"冬圈夏草"模式,人工草地平均鲜草产量高达28500kg/hm2以上。在免耕补播改良天然草地方面,草地植被种类增加5～8种,披碱草高度较对照区高出18cm,苔草高出4cm,其总盖度较对照区高出近20%,而施肥试验草层高度较对照区增加了1.5cm,其盖度由55%增加至90%,增幅为35%。合理的载畜量、建立人工草地、改良天然草地和开展牧草育种等是解决西藏草地问题的主要思路。

Overgrazing, conflicts between grass and tivestocks, damages of rats and insects, man-made sabotage are main problems in the Tibet grassland.With applying the mode of enclosed in winter and fed in summer in the north of Tibet, the average yield of fresh grsss of man-made grassland is above 28 500 kg/hm^2. In the natural improved grassland with uncultured and resowed, the sorts of grass increased 5-8 varieties, and the height of elymus dahuricus and the sedge respectively was higher than that of the control area for 18 cm and 4 cm, and the total covering degree also was 20 % higher than that of the control. In trial area of fertilization, its height was 1.5 em higher than that of the control, the total covering degree increased from 55 % to 90 %, the covering rate increased by 35 %. Reasonable grazing capacity, setting up man-made grassland, improving natural grassland and developing grass-planting and breeding are the main strategies for us to resolvic the grassland problems in Tibet.