3Mcfarland M B,Langer O,Piper J M,et al. Perinatal outcome and the type and number of maneuvers in shoulder dystocia[J].Int J Gynaecol Obstet,1996,55(7):219.
4Beall M H, Spong C, Mckay J, et al. Objective definition of shoulder dystocia: aprospective evaluation[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,1998,179(8):934.
5Runoff A. Shoulder dystoeia: lessons from the past and megrim concepts. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2000, 43 (2) : 226.
7Wager RK,Nielsen PE,Gonik B.Shoulder dystocia[J].Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am,1999,26(2):371-383.
8Nesbitt TS,Gilbert WM,Herrchen B.Should dystocia and associated risk factors with macrosomic infants born in California[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,1998,179 (2):476-480.
9Bahar AM.Risk factors and fetal outcome in cases of shoulder dystocia compared with normal deliveries of a similar birthweight[J].Br J Obstet Gynecol,1996,103 (9):868-872.
10Verspyck E,Goffinet F,Hellot MF,et al.Newborn shoulder width:a prospective study of 2222 consecutive measurements[J].Br J Obstet Gynecol,1999,106(6):589-593.
