运动鞋对羽毛球典型步法中跖趾关节和后足稳定性的影响

Effects of Sports Shoes on Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Rearfoot Motion in Typical Badminton Footwork

以优秀男子羽毛球运动员为研究对象,以最常用的前场蹬跨步法为例,重点运用现代生物力学技术分析了蹬伸(前足屈曲)和着地(稳定)动作的生物力学特性,就不同运动鞋与裸足运动时的生物力学特征进行了对比,探讨了运动鞋对羽毛球运动员下肢生物力学特征的影响及其可能机制。研究发现,对羽毛球运动而言,跖趾关节在足部功能具有一定的重要性;着鞋相对于裸足而言应该更有利于跖趾关节背屈,进而提高蹬地效果;羽毛球运动蹬跨步法着地时不同着鞋状态均呈现一定程度的后足外翻;利用鞋可以有效控制足后部的外翻,进而降低因过度外翻而造成的肌腱、肌肉、韧带的过度负荷,保护下肢免于受到伤害;判断鞋是否确实存在提高后足运动活动度以足够缓冲地面冲击负荷的关键就在于外翻过度的"度"确切为多少。在上述研究基础上,从前足屈曲和后足稳定等几个角度探讨了羽毛球运动下肢生物力学特征对运动鞋研发的启示,认为羽毛球专用鞋应具有适当屈曲刚度,既不会改变足的易屈曲性,也不会额外增加足部负担以克服鞋刚度进行屈曲,又能够辅助提高蹬地效率,增强足部"扒地"效果;羽毛球专用鞋应能有效控制足后部的外翻运动,进而降低因过度外翻而造成的肌腱、肌肉、韧带的过度负荷,保护下肢免于受到伤害。

Through using the methods of modem techniques of biomechanics, taking the elite badminton male athletes from as research subjects, Right Front-court Lunge Step （RFLS） as typical critical footwork, this paper explored the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity in push-off （bending of forefoot） and landing （stabilization of rearfoot）, and compared the biomechanical characteristics between naked foot and with footwear. The dissertation also discussed the influences of footwear on the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity in badminton footwork and the potential mechanism in order to supply academic basis for the scientific programs of badminton training, prevention and cure of sport injuries, design and manufacture of badminton footwear. In addition, based on the above researches, the dissertation discussed the enlightenment fo design and manufacture of badminton footwear from bending of forefoot and stablization of rearfoot.