茶皂素的提取及洗毛效果的应用研究

Research on the Extraction of Tea Saponin and its Application Effect as Wool Abluent

茶皂素是从山茶科植物种籽或叶中提取出来的一类五环三萜皂苷类物质，是一种纯天然皂素，一种非离子型表面活性剂．具有乳化、分散、湿润、发泡的性能，有抗渗、消炎、镇痛等药理作用，并且有灭菌杀虫和刺激某些植物生长的功能。其应用广泛，在工业上用作脱脂剂、乳化剂、减磨剂、制作洗涤剂和洗发香波，有其他化学合成品不可比拟的优点。茶皂素作为纯天然皂素，易酶解成无毒化合物，对蛋白质纤维无损伤，具有优良的去污、起泡、稳泡等功能，柔软性、光泽性好，白度高，其在对毛织物等的洗涤方面具有优越性。茶皂素作为一种绿色皂素符合现代消费观念，发展前景十分广阔。

Tea saponin was extracted from tea seed press cake with ethanol as solvent. Reaction conditions such as extraction temperature, extraction time, the amount and concentration of ethanol, and the amount of acetone for extraction and their influences on the reactions were studied. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: ratio of ethanol to tea seed press cake (g/g) was 5:1, extraction temperature was 75℃, extraction time was 1.5h, mass concentration of ethanol was 90%. Finally, the yield of product was 16.22% with purity of 79.39%. The oil removing rates for colza oil and machine oil were 97.1% and 98.9% respectively when using the mixture composed of tea saponin and detergent at mass ratio of 1:9. At the same time, the washing effect of the wool was well by using the wool abluent containing tea saponin.