中国北方两地城乡居民常见精神卫生知识知晓情况现况调查

A Cross-sectional Survey of the Awareness of Common Mental Disorders Among Urban and Rural Residents in Northern China

目的:了解城乡居民对常见精神疾病的知晓情况。方法:以天津市区和山东莱芜农村为调查现场,分层随机抽取1374例城市居民、963例农村居民作为调查对象,用公众对自杀的态度、自杀意念与行为调查问卷进行一对一的入户调查,城乡居民完成调查者分别为564例(41.0%)和602例(62.5%)。结果:听说过精神分裂症、酒依赖或酗酒成瘾、抑郁症的城市和农村居民分别占82.6%vs.50.2%、75.9%vs.41.9%、76.4%vs.34.6%(均P<0.01)。在听说过精神分裂症、酒依赖或酗酒成瘾及抑郁症的人群中,认为阻止患有这些疾病者自杀不值得的城市和农村居民分别占81.3%vs.71.9%、73.4%vs.65.9%、86.3%vs.76.4%;认为患有这些疾病者是疯子的城市和农村居民分别占31.3%vs.41.4%、7.2%vs.18.3%、8.1%vs.20.2%(均P<0.01)。结论:农村居民对常见精神疾病的知晓情况不如城市居民,且歧视重于城市居民。居民心理健康教育工作的重点是农村地区。

Objective： To know urban and rural residents＇ awareness about common mental illnesses. Methods： A multi-stage stratified random sample of 1374 urban residents from Tianjin city and 963 rural residents from Laiwu （ Shandong Province） was selected to be administered a survey in their homes. Finally, 564 （41.9% ） urban respondents and 602 （ 62. 5 % ） rural respondents finished the survey. Results. The proportions of urban versus rural subjects who had heard of the terms ＇ schizophrenia＇, ＇ alcohol dependence or alcoholism＇, and ＇ depression＇ were 82. 6% versus 50. 2%, 75.9% versus 41.9%, and 76. 4% versus 34. 6%, respectively （ Ps 〈 0.01 ） . Among those who had heard of the three types of disorders, the proportions of urban versus rural subjects who thought it was not worthy to prevent suicide in persons with schizophrenia, alcohol abuse or depression were 81.3 % versus 71.9%, 73.4% versus 65.9%, and 86. 3% versus 76.4%, respectively, the proportions of urban versus rural subjects who considered persons with these disorders ＇madmen＇ （ ＇ fengzi＇ ） were 31.3% versus 41.4%, 7. 2% versus 18.3%, and 8. 1% versus 20. 2%, respectively （ Ps 〈 0. 01 ） . Conclusions： Compared to urban residents, rural residents are more likely to lack knowledge about common mental disorders and to discriminate against persons with common mental disorders. The public education programs about mental health and suicide prevention should be focused on rural areas.