北京市城乡结合部居民心血管疾病危险因素及其与饮食习惯和体力活动的关系

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and their Associations with Dietary Habits and Physical Activity in Suburban Area in Beijing

目的评估北京市城乡结合部居民心血管疾病危险因素流行状况及其与饮食习惯和体力活动的关系。方法2007年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法对20655名18～76岁北京市城乡结合部居民进行横断面调查,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查收集资料进行分析。结果北京市城乡结合部居民肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和代谢综合征的标化患病率分别为31.9%,6.1%,33.6%,30.3%和11.6%。嗜咸饮食增加高血压和代谢综合征患病风险,OR值分别为1.72(95%CI:1.29～2.03)和1.48(95%CI:1.16～1.77)。嗜甜饮食增加肥胖、糖尿病和代谢综合征患病风险,OR值分别为1.37(95%CI:1.14～1.67)、1.26(95%CI:1.09～1.51)和1.55(95%CI:1.20～1.84)。嗜油饮食分别增加肥胖和血脂异常风险,OR值为2.26(95%CI:1.61～2.69)和1.97(95%CI:1.48～2.24)。素食饮食和增加体力活动降低肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和代谢综合征的患病风险(P<0.05)。结论北京市城乡结合部居民具有较高的肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和代谢综合征患病率,健康饮食和体力活动可以降低上述心血管疾病危险因素的患病风险。

Objective To estimate the up-to-date prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their associations with dietary habits and physical activity in suburban area in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of 20655 suburban residents in Beijing aged 18~76 years was carried out, in 2007. Data was collected by questionnaires and measurements of physical and laboratory examination. Results The age standardized prevalence rates of overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome were 31.9%, 6.1%, 33.6, 6.1%, 30.3%, and 11.6%, respectively. The adjusted OR （95%CI） of hypertension and metabolic syndrome for participants with salt appetite compared with their contrast-parts were 1.72 （1.29-2.03） and 1.48 （1.16-1.77）, respectively. Participants with sweetmeats appetite had more risk to have overweight/ obesity （1.37, 1.14 -1.67）, diabetes （1.26, 1.09~1.51） and metabolic syndrome （1.55, 1.20-1.84）, with oil appetite had more risk to have overweight/obesity （2.26, 1.61-2.69） and dyslipidemia （1.97, 1.48-2.24）. In addition, vegetarian diets and physical activity reduced the risk of overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Our results indicate that a large proportion of suburban adults in Beijing have overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Healthy dietary habits and physical activity can reduce the prevalence of these cardiovascular disease risk factors.