天津市犯罪青少年个性特征的研究

A Study on Individual Characters of Juvenile Delinquents in Tianjin

目的了解青少年罪犯的人格特点,为早期预防青少年犯罪,为相关部门开展有针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法以天津市少年管教所的378名青少年罪犯为犯罪组,抽取某普通中学410名14～18岁高中生为对照组,采用艾森克个性问卷对其进行团体施测并进行比较。结果犯罪组与常模比较,精神质(P)评分6.91,神经质(N)评分11.59,高于常模组的5.50、9.40分,外向性(E)评分13.04,掩饰性(L)评分11.16,低于常模组的17.60、13.20分(P<0.01)。P、E、L评分高于对照组(1.46、6.39、10.13分),N评分低于对照组(13.33分),差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同犯罪类型各个维度之间差别无统计学意义。犯罪青少年家庭不完整组的P评分(7.38分)高于家庭完整组(6.69分)。城市青少年罪犯E评分(13.60分)高于农村(12.67分),L评分(10.56分)低于农村(11.48分)。结论犯罪青少年的个性特征为精神质、很难适应外部环境、人际关系不良、焦虑、担忧、掩饰性强。家庭环境对青少年的个性特征有影响。农村青少年罪犯相对内向,掩饰性强。

Objective To know the individual characters of juvenile delinquents, to provide basis for the early prevention of juvenile delinquency and the targeted health education of the relevant government departments. Methods The 378 Juvenile delinquents from Tianjin Reformatory were deemed to the study group, the 410 aged 14-18 yrs in high school students were sampled from a common school as the control group. They were assessed and compared with Askenk＇s Character Questionnaire. Results The scores of psychosomatic and neuroticism in the study group were higher than those in the domestic routine model. The scores of extroversion and L-dimension of the study group were lower than that of the domestic routine model （P〈0.01）. The scores of P, E, L were higher and N were lower than that of the control group（P〈0.01）. The difference of different crime types was no statistibal difference. The psychosomatic score of not-integrated-family group was higher than that of integrated-family group （P〈0.05）. The city juvenile offenders gained significantly higher scores on the dimensions of E and L than country juvenile offenders. Conclusion The individual characters of juvenile delinquents were psychoticism, maladjusted, handicap of interpersonal relationship, anxiety, care, and more self-preservation. The family structure has a great influence on their individual characters. The rural juvenile delinquents were relatively introverted, more self-preservation.