桂林市15年间伤寒和副伤寒流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Guilin in 15 years

目的探讨桂林市伤寒和副伤寒流行特征,为制定有效的防治对策提供科学依据。方法收集桂林市辖区12县(市区)1991～2005年伤寒和副伤寒疫情报告资料及实验室检测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果1991～2005年桂林市辖区12县5城区共报告伤寒和副伤寒病例32105例,年均发病率为45.53/10万。各县年平均发病率最高为69.1/10万,最低为7.3/10万,相比有统计学意义(χ2=16.482,P<0.01),6～11月份为发病高峰(占全年发病数的67.12%);农民发病居首位,占总发病数的52.58%,学生次之,占总发病数的29.23%;从1999年起,甲型副伤寒杆菌开始超过伤寒菌为优势流行菌株,占90.%以上。15年间共发生暴发疫情78起,水型传播占92.31%。结论桂林市伤寒和副伤寒发病水平较高,要加强对农村地区和学校井水的监测和消毒,加强传染源的管理和健康宣传教育等措施。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Guilin from 1991 to 2005 and develop preventive measures. Methods The Data of typhoid and paratyphoid feverwere from the regular case reporting system and laboratory records in 15 years. Results A total of 32 105 typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases were reported in Guilin from 1991 -2005. Average annual incidence was 45.53/100 000. The highest age specific incidence was in aged 15 -19 （14.50/100 000）. The average annual incidence was significantly different among eounties（x^2 = 16. 482 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. The peak of case onset was from June to October, accounted for 81.17%. Peasant, accounted for 52. 52% and student,29.22%. A total of 78 outbreaks were reported in 15 years. The prevalent strain was paratyphoid A strain, accounting for 90. 0% after 1999. Conclusion The incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever was high in Guilin. The integrated control measures must be promoted to reduce the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.