美沙酮维持静脉注射吸毒者HIV感染危险因素分析

Analysis of HIV infection risk factors among patients during methadone maintenance treatment

目的了解参与美沙酮维持的静脉吸毒人群特征及HIV感染危险因素,为实施有针对性干预措施提供依据。方法选取某医院美沙酮门诊82例静脉吸毒者,调查分析其HIV感染危险因素。结果参与美沙酮维持静脉吸毒者HIV经血液、性、母婴传播途径知晓率均在87.8%以上,蚊虫叮咬、共用游泳池或浴缸HIV非传播途径知晓率分别为54.9%、65.9%;认为没有感染HIV风险、不愿意与HIV/AIDS一起生活或交往、对HIV/AIDS继续工作学习持否定态度、如果不幸感染HIV将放弃治疗等负性态度分别占调查对象的78.0%、23.3%、29.2%、28.0%;调查对象中共用注射器、有2个或2个以上性伴侣、非固定性伴不使用安全套、美沙酮维持期间偷吸毒品等危险行为分别占37.8%、64.6%、23.2%、29.3%。结论美沙酮维持者AIDS防治非传播途径等知识知晓率偏低,其HIV感染危险行为主要有共用针具、不安全性行为、美沙酮维持期间偷吸毒品等。

Objective To understand the characteristics and HIV infection risk factors of injection-drug users who participated during methadone maintenance treatment, and to provide evidence for the implementation of intervention. Methods 82 injection-drug users in a hospital were observed. Their risk factors of HIV infection were investigated and analyzed. Results Among the injection-drug users who participated during methadone maintenance treatment, more than 87. 8% respondents have the knowledge about AIDS transmission through blood, sex, matemal-ehild, while 54.9% and 65.9% knew that mosquito-bite, swimming pool or sharing bathtub did not spread HIV ;78.0% of the respondents thought they had no risk of being infected by AIDS ,23.3% refused to live or communicate with HIV/AIDS victims ,29. 2% held a negative attitude about whether HIV/AIDS victims should continue their study or work,28.0% considered that they would give up treatment, if they themselves were infected by AIDS, the proportion of sharing syringes, having two or more sexual partners ,not using condom during sex, drugging secretly during methadone maintenance treatment, accounted for 37. 8% , 64. 6% ,23.2% ,29. 3% ,respectively. Conclusion Injection-drug users＇knowledge of the prevention of non-transmission routes of AIDS was rather poor. They held discriminative attitude about HIV/AIDS. High HIV infection risking behavior of injection drugs users including： sharing syringes, unsafe sexual behavior and drugging secretly during methadone maintenance treatment.