从汶川地震的媒体报道看网络时代的危机传播过程

Ongoing Crisis Communications in the Net Society:A Case Study of 2008 Earthquake in China

危机传播研究是上个世纪中发展形成的新领域,其首要责任就在于帮助政府和组织机构提供危机应对计划、促进媒体协作、缓解公众心理压力、树立良好的外部形象。危机传播的过程包括危机潜在期、突发期、蔓延期和解决期四个阶段。根据该四段论模式,采用案例分析的方式,探讨四川地震报道过程中媒体的新特点,以及应该引起传媒关注的新问题,如危机潜在期的防患于未然;危机突发期不同传播渠道的互补;国内外危机报道方式的比较;危机解决期对于危机形成因素的进一步分析,以及危机报道对儿童的影响问题。

Crisis communications study is a new field developed in the middle of last century, whose primary responsibility is to protect and defend an organization or government in time of crisis by providing contingency plans and extensive media coverage, helping minimize the disruption for the public and up - building its reputation, a crisis diffusion consists of four phases： forecast, outburst, diffusion and crisis management. According to the four phase model, this paper analyses new features of the media coverage in the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan of China and new problems that should call the xnediag attention, such as preventing measures before crisis, different media channels working interaetively during crisis outburst, and the way of Chinese crisis reporting and that of western counties. During crisis management, further analysis of causes and the impact of extensive media coverage for children is another important issue.