水下噪声听觉属性的主观评价与分析

Subjective evaluation and analysis of auditory attributes for underwater noise

为探求人耳感知水下目标类型的声学因素,研究了水下噪声听觉属性空间的维度数及其各维度的物理解释.首先通过词汇聚类分析和问卷调查确定评价水下噪声听觉属性的汉语描述词,然后完成基于成对比较法和语义细分法的主观评价实验,获得听觉属性的不相似性矩阵及各样本在不同听觉属性下的主观评价分值.最后,利用多维尺度分析确定水下噪声听觉属性空间由五个维度组成,再利用主成分分析得到独立的五个主成分,进而利用相关系数和压力值确定五个主成分分别表示听觉属性空间的五个维度,根据各个主成分对应的汉语描述词所反映的听觉属性对其进行物理解释.结果表明,对于等响度、等时长的水下噪声,其听觉属性空间是五维空间,各维度分别表示声音的沉杂性、起伏性、快变性、尖锐性和规律性.

Dimensionality and the corresponding physical characteristics of auditory attribute space for equal-loudness underwater noise are investigated.Firstly,cluster analysis and questionnaire surveys are performed to obtain a number of auditory attribute descriptors in Chinese language,and then based on paired comparison and semantic differential approach,a dissimilarity matrix and a subjective evaluation value of each descriptor are obtained.Finally,by use of multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis, auditory attribute space of underwater noise with equal-loudness and equal-duration is deternuned and then the five-dimensional space is composed by dark-roughness, fluctuation, fast-variety, sharpness and regularity.