古村落的文化遗产保护与社区发展——以浙江省楠溪江流域苍坡古村为个案

Protection of Cultural Heritage and Community Development of Ancient Villages——Take Cangpo Village in Nanxi River Basin of Zhejiang Provence as an Example

著名古村落苍坡村的古建筑景观呈现珍贵的宋代风貌,是传统社会耕读文化遗址。自20世纪80年代以来,苍坡古村成为该地区重要旅游景点,村中古建筑也得到了以当地旅游部门为主导的保护和开发,但近年来该村的文化遗产保护工作出现了一些令人忧虑的问题,其经验与教训值得深入探讨。古村落不仅是古建筑遗址,也是现代农村社区。在保护、展示古建筑的同时,不能忽视、损害古建筑主人即村民的活态文化和生存利益,应该合理传承、完整展示与古建筑密切相关的传统文化。而且古村落的保护工作应该由当地村民作为主要实施者,政府管理部门应承担指导与资助责任,而不能代替村民成为保护工作的主体。

The architectures in Cangpo village, a famous ancient village, are in the precious shape of Song Dynasty and are recognized as a site of ancient farming and studying culture of traditional society. Cangpo village has become an important tourist destination and its architectures have been protected and exploited by local tourism administrations since the 1980＇s. But in recent years, there are some issues worth concerning in the protection the cultural heritage, whose experiences and lessons should be further discussed. Ancient villages are not only sites of ancient architectures but also modern rural communities. In the protection and display of ancient architectures, owners＇, or villagers＇, live cultures and interests of existence should not be neglected or damaged. And the traditional culture closely relating to ancient architectures should be rationally handed down and completely displayed. The local villagers should be the main body in the protection of ancient villages while the related government departments should only bear responsibilities of instructions and subsidies.